Similarities and differences in blood pressure management guidelines for the older adults from countries with aging populations

Older adults with hypertension in countries with aging populations (specifically Japan and Taiwan), including robust and frail patients (defined by Clinical Frailty Scale >=5 in Taiwan or by outpatient visits and Activities of Daily Living in Japan).

Guideline-directed blood pressure management and antihypertensive therapy in older adults (specifically comparing Taiwan Hypertension Society 2026 [THS 2026] and Japanese Society of Hypertension 2025 [JSH 2025] guidelines, generally targeting BP <130/80 mmHg in robust older adults, or <120 mmHg in THS 2026 for those with >=2 additional cardiovascular risk factors, with individualized adjustments for frailty).