Why the study?
Although cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKM) is associated with adverse outcomes, its incidence and prognostic relevance in patients undergoing TAVI had not been investigated.
Does a higher burden of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome conditions increase mortality and adverse procedural outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)?
Observational (n=5,834)
Yes
Does a higher burden of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome conditions increase mortality and adverse procedural outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome is present in 90% of TAVI patients, and a higher burden of CKM conditions is independently associated with lower procedural success, increased permanent pacemaker implantation, and higher 1-, 2-, and 5-year mortality.
Background The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKM) is a multisystem disorder increasingly recognized for its association with adverse outcomes. The incidence and prognostic relevance of CKM in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has not been investigated. Methods A double center, retrospective analysis of patients undergoing TAVI from 2011 to 2024 was performed. CKM syndrome was diagnosed and quantified using a simplified definition based on the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of CKM and its association with procedural success, bleeding events, permanent pacemaker implantation and 1-year mortality was evaluated. Results Among 5,834 TAVI patients, 5,280 (90%) fulfilled criteria for CKM. The overall prevalence remained stable. Procedural success was highest in patients with no CKM conditions, followed by patients with 1 and 2 CKM conditions. Patients with 3 CKM conditions had the worst procedural success (p=0.002). Patients with 2 and 3 CKM conditions had higher probability of death within 1 year as compared to patients with no CKM conditions and 1 CKM condition (HR for 2 CKM conditions 1.40, p=0.030, HR for 3 CKM conditions 1.88, p<0.001). Patients with 3 CKM conditions had higher rates of permanent pacemaker implantation (OR 1.45, p=0.02), but not of major bleeding (HR 1.24, p=0.328). After adjustment for baseline differences in comorbidities and patient characteristics, 3/3 CKM conditions remained associated with increased all-cause mortality at 1, 2 and 5 years. Conclusion CKM is highly prevalent in patients undergoing TAVI. Higher CKM condition burden appeared to be associated with adverse outcomes. Acknowledegments Some icons in the graphical abstract have been generated using artificial intelligence. Chat GPT was used for trouble shooting with R for statistical analyses.
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Goetzinger et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (n=5,834). Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (3 CKM conditions: ASCVD, CKD, and DM) vs. No CKM conditions and 1 CKM condition was evaluated on 1-year mortality (HR 1.88, p=<0.001).
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