Key result
Animal and human hearts differ primarily in papillary muscle chord count and apex distance.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to investigate and compare the morphology of left ventricular papillary muscles across different species to assist clinical investigators.
Observational (n=135)
Species differences in papillary muscle morphology limit direct translation of animal models; leaves open need for human-specific validation in mitral research.
The papillary muscles of the heart are conical projections into the respective chamber of myocardium covered by endocardium. Functionally, the papillary muscles are important part of the respective valve complex. They prevent the cusps of a valve from being everted when the ventricle contracts. Our study was conducted on papillary muscles in left ventricle of 135 normal adult hearts (20 humans, 25 dogs, 60 sheep and 30 goats). The length (L), width (W), head number (HN), angle with ventricular wall (A degrees ), distance with annulus (AnD) and apex (ApD), and the shapes of the anterior and posterior papillary muscles were observed. The tendinous chords (CTN) attached to each papillary muscle were counted at their origin. The values of both anterior and posterior papillary muscles were not statistically significant (p > 0.05) in measurements of L, W, HN, A degrees and AnD of all species, but those of CTN and ApD were significant (p < 0.05) between human and animal hearts, while the difference was not significant (p > 0.05) between sheep and goat hearts. Knowledge of morphology of papillary muscles in different species will be of much use to clinical investigators in their studies.
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Gümüşalan et al. (2004) conducted an observational in Normal adult hearts (papillary muscle morphology) (n=135). Animal species (dogs, sheep, goats) vs. Human hearts was evaluated on Morphological measurements of left ventricular papillary muscles (length, width, head number, angle, annulus distance, apex distance, and tendinous chord count) (p=< 0.05). Animal vs human hearts differed significantly in papillary muscle tendinous chord count and apex distance (p<0.05), but not in length, width, head number, angle, or annulus distance (p>0.05).
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