Augmented Reality and Robotics in Root Canal Treatment- A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Root canal treatment is a technique sensitive procedure requiring precise anatomical knowledge and clinical expertise. Conventional endodontics is largely operator dependent, with treatment outcomes influenced by clinician skill and radiographic interpretation. Emerging technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and robotics are transforming endodontic practice by enhancing precision and procedural accuracy. AR enables real-time visualization of CBCT derived anatomical data within the clinical field, improving navigation and supporting minimally invasive treatment. Robotic systems enhance accuracy, reduce operator variability, and promote standardized clinical outcomes. This review summarizes the principles, clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and future prospects of AR and robotics in root canal treatment. Although current evidence highlights their potential to improve treatment precision and efficiency, further clinical validation is required before widespread adoption.