The leadership of kyai in shaping the character of students at a modern Islamic boarding school

This study examines the role of kyai leadership in shaping santri character at Pondok Pesantren Modern Al-Kinanah, Jambi City. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, and analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that kyai leadership contributes to character formation through moral exemplarity, internalization of Islamic values, discipline development, and student mentoring. The process is strengthened by an integrated curriculum, supportive pesantren culture, parental involvement, and institutional commitment. However, challenges remain, including variations in student discipline, social media influence, limited direct supervision, and the need to make better use of digital technology. This study highlights kyai leadership as a combination of spiritual authority and educational management practices in developing santri character within modern pesantren contexts.