The ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Uruguay revisited: An updated checklist after nearly four decades

We present an updated checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Uruguay based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature, critical verification of distributional records, and additional field collections conducted across several regions of the country. A total of 163 species and subspecies belonging to 49 genera and eight subfamilies are recorded from 140 localities throughout Uruguay, including five genera and 13 species reported for the first time in the country. Three species are potentially endemic (Acromyrmex charruanus, Pheidole industa, and Hypoponera stoica), whereas only one species (Monomorium pharaonis) is introduced in the country. The species list presented here increases the diversity previously reported in the last national catalogue published almost four decades ago (117 species/subspecies) and highlights the existence of significant knowledge gaps, as new records emerged from a limited number of recent surveys and localities. This synthesis provides an updated and standardized baseline for future taxonomic, biogeographic, and ecological studies on the ant fauna of Uruguay.