Magnetism from the Scretching–Planck Action: Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism in the SMS and SMD Framework

This paper by Daniel C. Scretching, Sr., examines diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism through the Scretching–Planck, Scretching–Maxwell–Schrödinger (SMS), and Scretching–Maxwell–Dirac (SMD) frameworks. It connects orbital motion, electron spin, and spin-gradient energy with established magnetic-response models, including Langevin, Curie, Pauli, Landau, and Stoner theory. Numerical examples, graphs, tables, and solved problems explore atomic susceptibilities, magnons, and Bloch’s temperature law. The analysis distinguishes exact mathematical reformulations and comparisons with published measurements from claims requiring additional many-body modeling or experimental validation.