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Dilutely Fe–Mn co-doped SnO2was synthesized by a sol–gel method. The co-doping effect enhances the magnetization in comparison with the case of single-ion doping. We found that saturation magnetization values are correlated with the crystalline sizes. Mössbauer spectrometry revealed the magnetic sextet and relaxation peaks, which suggest that Fe ions contribute to the magnetic ordering and superparamagnetic properties. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that Mn3+states mixed with Mn2+states are dominant in Fe–Mn co-doped SnO2.
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Okabayashi et al. (2012) studied this question.
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