Methylation of SHOX2, DAPK1, RAR-beta, miR-375 genes in hydrothorax in patients with bacterial pneumonia

30 patients with hydrothorax on the background of bacterial pneumonia were examined, who were divided into 2 groups depending on the amount of effusion. Group 1 (n = 13) had partial effusion, the average age was 58.5 ± 4.9 years, there were 5 (38.4%) women and 8 (61.5%) men. Group 2 (n = 17) with total effusion, age 60.1 ± 5.3 years, there were 7 (41.1%) women and 10 (58.8%) men. The research methods included clinical, biochemical, and instrumental methods. Genetic analyses investigated the methylation of the SHOX2, DAPK1, RAR-beta, and miR-375 genes. It was found that with hydrothorax, patients with bacterial pneumonia develop significant changes in the homeostasis system — endogenous intoxication and a decrease in reactive processes. These disorders were associated with the type of pleural effusions and the severity of the patients. In patients with total effusion, where the incidence of severe forms was 64.7%, changes in the homeostasis system were greatest. In the group with partial effusion, the majority of patients were of moderate severity, and the changes in the homeostasis system were the least. A genetic test showed the absence of methylation of the SHOX2, DAPK1, RAR-beta, and miR-375 genes in patients with hydrothorax and bacterial pneumonia. The amplification curves had no pathological abnormalities. The PCR signals in the studied groups and the norm were the same. The results of the study draw attention to the need to further study the pathogenetic mechanisms of hydrothorax in patients with bacterial pneumonia in order to optimize diagnostic and treatment methods.