Comparison of P-Wave Dispersion Between Angiographically Significant and Non-Significant Coronary Artery Disease

Background: P-wave dispersion (PWD), defined as the difference between the longest and shortest P-wave durations on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), reflects heterogeneous atrial conduction. This study aimed to compare P-wave parameters between patients with significant and non-significant coronary artery disease (CAD) based on coronary angiography. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 58 patients who underwent coronary angiography at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia, from January to September 2023. Participants were recruited consecutively. Stenosis ≥50% was classified as significant CAD and <50% as non-significant CAD. P-wave durations were measured manually from magnified ECG tracings. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using independent-samples t-tests and chi-square tests, respectively. Results: Of 58 participants, 34 had significant CAD and 24 had non-significant CAD. Mean age was higher in the significant CAD group (62.05±7.54 vs. 56.20±11.46 years; p=0.035). P-wave minimum duration (51.1±17.2 vs. 48.3±15.5 ms; p=0.57), maximum duration (107.0±23.5 vs. 95.8±25.7 ms; p=0.14), and PWD (55.9±22.1 vs. 47.5±26.2 ms; p=0.29) were higher in the significant CAD group, but none differed significantly. Conclusions: P-wave parameters did not differ significantly between patients with significant and non-significant CAD. Larger prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the relationship between P-wave parameters and angiographic CAD severity.