Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Hipertensi pada Jemaah Haji di Puskesmas Kota Palembang

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Hypertension (n=396). Intervention: Physical inactivity vs. Physically active. Primary outcome: Hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg) (OR 2.666, 95% CI 1.394–5.100, p=0.004).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Physical inactivity, older age, abnormal nutritional status, and prior disease history are significantly associated with increased odds of hypertension among prospective Hajj pilgrims. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Delvi Sabrina

doi:10.57213/jrikuf.v4i4.1199

October 5, 2026Jurnal Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Umum dan FarmasiOpen Access

Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Hipertensi pada Jemaah Haji di Puskesmas Kota Palembang

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Why the study?

Hypertension is common among Hajj pilgrims and can increase cardiovascular event risk during pilgrimage, motivating an assessment of associated risk factors in pilgrims in Palembang City, Indonesia.

Key Points

To assess the associations of age, sex, nutritional status, family disease history, previous disease history, smoking, and physical activity with hypertension among prospective Hajj pilgrims.
Analytic observational cross-sectional study using secondary medical-record data from 396 Hajj pilgrims selected purposively from Sukarami and Merdeka Public Health Centers in Palembang City, Indonesia.
Univariable and bivariable analyses were conducted using the Chi-Square test at α=0.05.
Hypertension was identified in 86 of 396 pilgrims (21.7%).
Significant associations were observed for physical activity (OR=2.666; 95% CI: 1.394–5.100; p=0.004), nutritional status (OR=2.495; 95% CI: 1.191–5.230; p=0.020), age (OR=2.314; 95% CI: 1.102–4.860; p=0.035), and previous disease history (OR=1.877; 95% CI: 1.076–3.274; p=0.037).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=396)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

P

Population

396 adult Hajj pilgrims (57.1% female, 81.1% aged ≥45 years) with complete medical record data from two public health centers in Palembang, Indonesia.

O

Outcome

Hypertension based on blood pressure records from health examination (defined as repeated blood pressure measurements ≥140/90 mmHg)surrogate

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 2.666 (95% CI 1.394–5.1)

Absolute Event Rate: 39.1% vs 19.4%

p-value: p=0.004

Limitations

Cross-sectional design measures exposure and outcome simultaneously and cannot establish temporality or causality
Only univariable and bivariable analyses were conducted without multivariable adjustment
Physical activity and smoking were recorded only as binary yes/no variables without frequency, duration, or intensity details
Family disease history variable was not specific to hypertension and relied on self-reported medical records subject to recall bias
Purposive sampling using secondary data from only two primary health centers limits generalizability
Cross-sectional design measures exposure and outcome at the same period and cannot establish temporality or causality
Bivariable analysis only without multivariable modeling to identify independent dominant factors
Physical activity was recorded only as yes/no without details on frequency, duration, intensity, or type of activity
Family disease history was not specific to hypertension (included heart disease, diabetes, and kidney failure) and was subject to recall bias
Smoking variable was only categorized as yes/no without measuring cigarettes per day, duration, pack-years, or cessation status, with a relatively small proportion of smokers (17.7%) limiting statistical power
Use of secondary medical-record data from only two public health centers and purposive sampling limits generalizability to all Hajj pilgrims in Palembang City or Indonesia

Implication

In Indonesian Hajj pilgrims undergoing pre-departure screening, hypertension was present in 21.7% and was significantly associated with physical inactivity, abnormal nutritional status, age ≥45 years, and prior comorbidities, supporting targeted pre-departure lifestyle and risk factor management.

Abstract

Hypertension is a common non-communicable disease among Hajj pilgrims and can increase the risk of cardiovascular events during the performance of the pilgrimage. This study assessed the associations of age, sex, nutritional status, family disease history, previous disease history, smoking, and physical activity with hypertension among Hajj pilgrims at two public health centers in Palembang City, Indonesia. Methods: An analytic observational cross-sectional study used secondary medical-record data from 396 Hajj pilgrims selected purposively from Sukarami and Merdeka Public Health Centers. Univariable and bivariable analyses were conducted using the Chi-Square test at α=0.05. Results: Hypertension was identified in 86 of 396 pilgrims (21.7%). Significant associations were found for age (p=0.035; OR=2.314; 95%CI: 1.102–4.860), nutritional status (p=0.020; OR=2.495; 95%CI: 1.191–5.230), previous disease history (p=0.037; OR=1.877; 95%CI: 1.076–3.274), and physical activity (p=0.004; OR=2.666; 95%CI: 1.394–5.100). Sex (p=0.259), family disease history (p=0.842), and smoking (p=0.292) were not significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: Four factors were associated with hypertension in this study population, and physical inactivity had the largest odds ratio in the bivariable analysis. The findings support strengthening pre-departure screening, management of metabolic risk factors, and structured physical-activity preparation for prospective Hajj pilgrims.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Delvi Sabrina (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=396). Physical inactivity vs. Physically active was evaluated on Hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg) (OR 2.666, 95% CI 1.394–5.100, p=0.004).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ae28e0ecbadf70daf6c4094 https://doi.org/10.57213/jrikuf.v4i4.1199

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Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Hipertensi pada Jemaah Haji di Puskesmas Kota Palembang

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Hipertensi pada Jemaah Haji di Puskesmas Kota Palembang

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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