Key result
Physician-delivered hypertension education emphasized diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and follow-up, but was constrained by 8-9 minute consultations and limited media compared to 2025 AHA guidelines.
Why the study?
Effective hypertension management requires physician-delivered communication, information, and education (CIE) alongside pharmacological treatment, prompting an analysis of CIE implementation, barriers, and support needs in primary healthcare.
Observational (n=4)
No
This qualitative study demonstrates that while primary care physicians in Indonesia deliver core lifestyle and adherence education for hypertension, severe time constraints (8–9 minutes per visit) and inadequate educational media prevent full adherence to 2025 AHA educational guidelines.
Supports efforts to address time and media barriers in hypertension education; leaves open optimal strategies for diverse primary care populations.
Background: Hypertension is a leading noncommunicable disease and a major contributor to global morbidity and premature mortality. Effective management requires not only pharmacological treatment but also physician-delivered communication, information, and education (CIE) to improve patients’ understanding, adherence, and adoption of lifestyle modifications. Objective: To analyze the implementation, barriers, and support needs related to physician-delivered CIE for patients with hypertension in primary healthcare. Methods: This descriptive qualitative study used in-depth interviews with physicians at a primary health center. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides and analyzed thematically. The findings were compared with the 2025 American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for hypertension communication and education. Results: Physicians implemented CIE by emphasizing lifestyle modifications, including dietary management, physical activity, smoking cessation, medication adherence, and routine follow-up. Education was primarily delivered verbally, tailored to patient characteristics, provided progressively, and reinforced through the Chronic Disease Management Program (Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis [Prolanis]). However, implementation did not fully cover all recommendations in the 2025 AHA guideline. Key barriers included limited consultation time, inadequate educational media, and diverse patient characteristics. Physicians identified the need to strengthen service capacity and develop culturally appropriate educational media to enhance the effectiveness of CIE. Conclusion: Physician-delivered CIE for hypertension management in primary healthcare generally aligns with evidence-based recommendations but remains incomplete because of healthcare system constraints and patient-related factors. Strengthening healthcare service capacity, optimizing educational media, and applying patient-centered communication strategies are essential to improving hypertension education and supporting effective disease management in primary care.
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Reswara et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Hypertension (n=4). Physician-delivered communication, information, and education (CIE) for hypertension vs. 2025 American Heart Association (AHA) hypertension guideline recommendations was evaluated on Implementation, barriers, and support needs of physician-delivered CIE compared with 2025 AHA guidelines. Physician-delivered hypertension education emphasized diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and follow-up, but was constrained by 8-9 minute consultations and limited media compared to 2025 AHA guidelines.
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