Key result
Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 linked to ~6-fold higher 30-day mortality in acute heart failure.
Why the study?
Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 in patients admitted with acute heart failure is associated with prolonged hospitalization and poor prognosis, yet few studies have examined its clinical impact in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Nigeria.
Does the development of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 increase mortality, hospital stay, and worsen health-related quality of life at day 30 in patients admitted for acute heart failure?
Cohort (n=149)
No
Does the development of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 increase mortality, hospital stay, and worsen health-related quality of life at day 30 in patients admitted for acute heart failure?
In a Nigerian tertiary hospital cohort of acute heart failure patients, cardiorenal syndrome type 1 occurred in nearly half of admissions and was associated with longer hospital stays, a nearly six-fold higher risk of 30-day mortality, and significantly worse 30-day health-related quality of life.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
CRS1 signals elevated short-term mortality risk in acute HF; leaves open whether targeted interventions improve outcomes.
Background The presence of acute kidney injury in patients admitted with acute heart failure (AHF) known as cardiorenal syndrome type 1(CRS1) is a serious clinical condition that is associated with prolonged hospitalization and poor prognosis. However, few studies have been done in this area in sub-Saharan Africa especially in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS 1) on duration of hospitalization, admission outcome, rehospitalization, mortality and health-related quality of life at day 30 among patients admitted for acute heart failure at Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. Method This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study where 149 patients admitted for acute heart failure at Federal Teaching hospital, Gombe were recruited after ethical approval for a duration of 10 months. Acute heart failure was diagnosed according to European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Serum urea and creatinine were measured at presentation and repeated at day 2 and day 7 or at discharge. Acute kidney injury was diagnosed according to KDIGO clinical practice guideline, 2012. Duration of hospital stay, admission outcome, rehospitalization, mortality and impact on health- related quality of life at day 30 were assessed and analysed for all the patients using computer-based Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. Results Out of 149 AHF patients recruited, 71 (47.7%) developed AKI either at presentation, day 2 or day 7. Patients with CRS1 have longer hospital stay (10.52 ± 5.23 vs 6.21 ± 2.67 days), increased in-hospital and day 30 hospital mortality ({15.5 vs 1.3%} and {29.6 vs 6.4%} respectively). Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 was also associated with poor health-related quality of life at day 30. Conclusion Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 accounts for 47.7% of AHF patients in this study. CRS1 contributes to longer hospital stay and it is a predictor of higher in-hospital and day 30 mortality, poor clinical outcome and overall health-related quality of life at day 30. This study provided an understanding of the magnitude of morbidity, mortality and poor health-related quality of life associated with CRS1.
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Oyekunle et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Acute heart failure (n=149). Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS1) vs. Acute heart failure without cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (non-CRS1) was evaluated on 30-day all-cause mortality (HR 5.958, 95% CI 2.026-17.523, p=0.001). Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 increased 30-day mortality nearly six-fold compared to non-CRS1 (29.6% vs 6.4%; HR 5.958, 95% CI 2.026-17.523, p=0.001) in patients admitted for acute heart failure.
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