The development of digital information requires students not only to produce multimodal content but also to explore, evaluate, and process information critically. This study aims to identify multimodal literacy learning needs, explore existing inquiry and Project-Based Learning (PjBL) practices, and formulate the preliminary characteristics of the Digital Ethnopedagogical Multimodal Inquiry (IMED) model. An exploratory qualitative approach employing a multisite case study design was conducted at three junior high schools in Langsa, Indonesia. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with six Indonesian language teachers and 12 students, and an analysis of instructional documents and student products. Thematic analysis was conducted by examining data within each case and comparing findings across cases. The results indicate that students have produced various multimodal products and used digital technology in learning. However, inquiry practices tend to focus on information retrieval, while information evaluation and processing remain inconsistent; PjBL is more prominently oriented toward product creation. The integration of these approaches has not yet established a coherent learning sequence. Local wisdom has also not been systematically incorporated as a source of inquiry. These findings provide a basis for formulating the preliminary IMED model, which connects information exploration and evaluation, multimodal production, communication, and reflection, supported by digital technology and local cultural contexts. The model requires further validation and empirical testing. ABSTRAK Perkembangan informasi digital menuntut siswa tidak hanya mampu menghasilkan konten multimodal, tetapi juga mengeksplorasi, mengevaluasi, dan mengolah informasi secara kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kebutuhan pembelajaran literasi multimodal, mengeksplorasi praktik inquiry dan Project-Based Learning (PjBL), serta merumuskan karakteristik awal model Inquiry Multimodal Etnopedagogis Digital (IMED). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif eksploratif dengan desain studi kasus multisitus pada tiga sekolah menengah pertama di Kota Langsa, Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi pembelajaran, wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan enam guru Bahasa Indonesia dan 12 siswa, serta analisis dokumen pembelajaran dan produk siswa. Analisis tematik dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan data dalam setiap kasus dan perbandingan antarkasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa telah menghasilkan beragam produk multimodal dan menggunakan teknologi digital dalam pembelajaran. Namun, praktik inquiry masih cenderung berfokus pada pencarian informasi, sedangkan evaluasi dan pengolahannya belum konsisten; PjBL lebih menonjol pada proses pembuatan produk. Integrasi keduanya belum membentuk alur pembelajaran yang berkesinambungan. Kearifan lokal juga belum dimanfaatkan secara sistematis sebagai sumber penyelidikan. Temuan ini menjadi dasar perumusan awal IMED yang menghubungkan eksplorasi dan evaluasi informasi, produksi multimodal, komunikasi, serta refleksi dengan dukungan teknologi digital dan konteks budaya lokal. Model tersebut masih memerlukan validasi dan pengujian empiris lebih lanjut.
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Sari et al. (2026) studied this question.
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