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Roll added moment of inertia (kg•m 2 ) Roll damping coefficient (N•m•s) Linear damping coefficient (s -1 ) Nonlinear damping coefficient (-) Equivalent linear damping coefficient (s -1 ) Roll restoring coefficient (N•m) Damping energy dissipated during a half cycle (s -2 ) Restoring energy during a half cycle (s -2 ) Linear damping energy dissipation per cycle (s -2 ) Quadratic damping energy dissipation per cycle (s -2 ) First-order fitting coefficient (-) Second-order fitting coefficient (-) T roll ∆ Natural roll period (s) Roll angle (rad) Equivalent roll amplitude (rad) Initial heel angle (deg) Roll amplitude decrement (rad) Natural roll angular frequency (rad/s)
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Kim et al. (2026) studied this question.
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