On the Qualification of the Unlawful Use of Donor Material and the Substitution of a Human Embryo

The article analyzes the content of such categories as the unlawful use of donor material and the substitution of a human embryo. It draws attention to the fact that Russia has seen a steady upward trend in the number of IVF procedures, which increases the risk of a rise in the number of embryo substitution incidents and cases involving the unlawful use of donor material. The article emphasizes gaps in legal regulation, issues concerning the classification of these acts from the perspective of criminal law, and the need to establish clear procedures for recording and monitoring the use of donor material and embryos. Based on the study findings, the article concludes that Russian criminal law should be supplemented with independent provisions establishing liability for the unlawful use of donor material and the substitution of a human embryo. This is necessary in order to create clear legal barriers aimed at protecting the rights of all participants in assisted reproductive technology programs, as well as to enhance the transparency of IVF procedures. The experience of certain foreign countries in this field is also discussed.