Intrinsic capacity decline and self-rated health in patients ≥ 65 years: a survey in general practice waiting rooms in Norway

To examine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, intrinsic capacity (IC) decline among older adults in Norwegian general practice. Second, to assess how IC decline relates to self-rated health (SRH). Survey examination in general practice waiting rooms in Norway in 2025. Adults aged ≥ 65 years. IC decline within six domains (cognition, locomotion, vitality, vision, hearing and psychological well-being) was assessed using a modified version of the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) Step 1 screening tool. SRH was recorded on a Likert scale. Poisson regression was used to examine associations between demographic covariates and IC decline, and between IC decline and poor SRH. The study included 2154 respondents (54% females); 44% aged 65–74, 44% aged 75–84 and 11% ≥ 85 years. The overall prevalence of IC decline was 60%. Hearing loss (31%), limited mobility (23%) and malnutrition (21%) were predominant. Across domains, decline was associated with higher age and financial difficulties. Individuals with decline in ≥ 1 domain(s) were more likely to report poor SRH (RR 4.51, 95% CI 3.05–6.67), and likelihood increased by number of affected domains. Depressive symptoms and limited mobility showed the strongest independent associations with poor SRH (RR 3.84, 95% CI 2.92–5.05 and RR 2.55, 95% CI 1.94–3.35, respectively). The IC approach appears relevant to Norwegian general practice. Our findings highlight important target areas for preserving function in a growing older population. Whether and how ICOPE can be integrated into Norwegian primary care requires further study.