Boredom in the museum: levels, antecedents, and consequences

Boredom has attracted considerable research interest, particularly boredom in learning and achievement contexts. However, boredom in learning outside of compulsory schooling and higher education has rarely been investigated. We therefore examined museum visits as such a context. Drawing on control-value theory (CVT), we used quantitative situated assessments and qualitative interviews to investigate the occurrence, antecedents, and consequences of museum boredom. Across three studies ( N = 1269, ages 18–91), we complemented individual findings with an internal meta-analysis. On a 1–5 scale, the meta-analytic mean level of museum boredom was M̄ = 1.74. Consistent with CVT, museum boredom was positively related to feeling overchallenged ( r̄ = .23) and underchallenged ( r̄ = .35). As expected, boredom was negatively related to perceived value ( r̄ = − .34/− .28 for personal/general value). Museum boredom was also negatively related to judgments of museum quality ( r̄ = − .18) and to knowledge acquisition during the visit ( r = − .23). Qualitative interview data identified specific facets of over- and underchallenge (e.g., too much information, empty rooms) and value (e.g., importance for one’s life path) during museum visits. Directions for future research and practical implications are discussed.