Risk-adapted management of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) ranges from surveillance for low-risk tumors to intravesical chemotherapy or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for intermediate- and high-risk disease. Radical cystectomy is reserved for patients experiencing cancer recurrence or progression despite treatment and for those with very high-risk features. The landscape of management options is rapidly evolving, with several new agents recently approved for BCG-unresponsive disease. In addition, many clinical trials are ongoing across the spectrum of NMIBC disease states. This review aims to summarize new and emerging treatment options in NMIBC.
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Nusbaum et al. (2026) studied this question.
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