Recent Advances in the Transcriptomic Study of Shrimps

转录组学是研究特定细胞、组织或器官在特定生长发育阶段或某种生理状态下的所有转录本(即转录组)的科学。由于缺乏对虾的全基因组信息，早期的转录组学研究技术如基因芯片技术没有在对虾转录组学研究中得到很好的应用，随着以高通量测序为基础的转录组学技术的出现，以及无参考基因组de novo组装技术(Trinity)的应用，使得对虾的转录组学研究才得以逐步开展起来，尤其是近两年，对虾的转录组学研究得到了突飞猛进的发展。本文综述了对虾转录组学研究在对虾的生长发育、免疫应答、环境胁迫、营养代谢和分子标记开发等方面的最新研究进展，并对对虾转录组学研究的前景进行了展望。 Transcriptomics is a subject on the transcriptome, a whole transcript transcribed in a cell, tissue or organ at a specific developmental stage or under a specific physiological condition. The ear-ly-developed transcriptomic method like Genechip assay had not been well applied in the tran-scriptome study of shrimps due to the lack of the genomic information of shrimps. The development of the transcriptomic study of shrimps becomes more rapidly after the emergence of se-quencing-based transcriptomic methods and the use of the de novo transcriptome assembly tool like Trinity for the species lacking reference genome, especially in the past two years, works on the shrimp transcriptome have developed by leaps and bounds. This review will briefly summarized the recent progress on the transcriptomic studies in shrimps involved in the development, immune response, environmental stress, nutrient metabolism, and molecular markers, and the future of the shrimp transcriptomics is also prospected.