Siri’ in Pacce from an Islamic Perspective: Continuity and Transformation of Cultural Values in Modern Society

This study examines the continuity and transformation of the value of ‘siri’ na pacce’ in modern Bugis-Makassar society from an Islamic perspective. ‘Siri’ na pacce’ is often viewed as ambivalent: on the one hand as a source of integrity and solidarity, and on the other as a pretext for violence and retaliation. Previous studies have tended to highlight one of these poles in isolation and have rarely positioned Islam as a framework that both reinforces and filters the meaning of this value amidst modernity. This research employs a qualitative approach using an interpretative case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six informants selected through purposive sampling—cultural figures, academics, and traditional and religious leaders—and analysed using thematic analysis, before being validated through triangulation of sources, methods and theory. The findings indicate that siri’ (self-respect) and pacce/pesse (solidarity) are understood as a unity that must be balanced: siri’ without pacce gives rise to ego, whilst pacce without siri’ makes a person vulnerable to being belittled. Informants consistently distinguished between constructive siri’ and destructive siri’, and positioned Islam—through haya’ (modesty), muru’ah/marwah, ukhuwah, ta’awun and rahmah—as both a reinforcing force for core values and a filter against deviant practices such as vanity, resentment and violence. These values are considered to remain alive (continuity) in the form of upholding one’s good name, hard work and social solidarity, but have undergone a transformation in expression—from direct mutual aid to digital solidarity—with social media, urbanisation, education and religion acting as shaping factors. The research concludes that ‘siri’ na pacce’ should be repositioned as a public ethic and moral guide, and that its transmission requires exemplary behaviour and dialogue, rather than merely slogans.