Current aspects of early rehabilitation of newborns and infants with organic lesions of the nervous system (literature review)

Perinatal organic damage to the nervous system of newborns (0–28 days) and young children (0–3 years) is a global problem. Early detection, intervention and active rehabilitation of high-risk infants with traumatic brain injury help prevent the occurrence of disorders, as well as delays in motor and mental development. Today, advances in neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, modern methods of neuromonitoring used in clinical trials and informative neurobiological markers for assessing the response to treatment are of great importance in helping children with nervous system disorders. In this regard, the article considers modern aspects of early rehabilitation of newborns and young children with organic damage to the nervous system. Special attention is paid to the structural elements of neurodevelopment in newborns, factors causing organic damage to the nervous system are identified. Particular emphasis is placed on methods for assessing neurological development in children, the quality of which determines the correctness of the choice of rehabilitation procedures. The aspects of rehabilitation of children with organic damage to the nervous system considered in the article are illustrated by the results of the application of specific methods and technologies with an assessment of their effectiveness by various researchers and specialists.