IoT-Based Solar Streetlight with USB Emergency Charging and Remote Monitoring

This paper introduces a solar-powered streetlight that tracks the sun automatically operates based on day and night cycles and includes emergency USB charging with battery awareness.The system uses a panel, rechargeable battery, ESP32 microcontroller, light-dependent resistor sensors, a motor mechanism, LED streetlight, USB charging circuit and three-color battery status indicators.The solar panel moves to follow the sun using LDR sensors and motor control which increases the amount of energy collected.The streetlight turns on at night and off during the day using light detection.The ESP32 checks battery levels.Manages USB charging using preset thresholds to ensure enough power is always available, for the streetlight.A green LED shows battery yellow indicates medium charge and red signals low charge.The ESP32 connects via Wi-Fi to a backend built with Java Spring Boot.A web app made with React and a MySQL database allows users to monitor battery level, solar charging status, streetlight operation and USB charging availability from anywhere.This system combines tracking, automatic lighting, smart battery management and IoT monitoring into one portable and practical design.Performance will be tested using a working prototype and functional tests.