Public attitudes toward personal and population interventions to reduce air pollution exposure: a 2025 nationwide cross-sectional survey in Poland

Highlights• More than three-quarters of respondents perceived air pollution as a serious issue.• Fewer than half respondents reported using personal protective measures.• Interventions targeting industry received a high level of support.• Measures targeting individuals, such as limiting private vehicle use, received less support.• There is an ongoing need for targeted educational and financial support measures.