Development of new formulas for sex determination by three-dimensional analysis of the maxillary sinus on CBCT

This study was designed to assess the validity of the maxillary sinus for sex determination using CBCT. This study analyzed 230 CBCT scans of patients aged 18 to 50 years. The patients’ CBCT records were obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University. Linear and volumetric analyses of the maxillary sinus were performed using the OnDemand 3D software program. Linear analysis involved measuring the height, width, and depth of the maxillary sinus on coronal and axial views, while volumetric analysis was conducted by the software. Using volume for prediction achieved an accuracy of 96.5%, while height reached 92.6%. Depth, the least effective predictor, achieved an accuracy of 84.5%. There was a strong inter-observer and intra-observer agreement. The results demonstrated that the volume of the maxillary sinus was the most significant differentiator of sex, followed by height as the next most effective variable. In contrast, the width and depth of the maxillary sinus were identified as the least reliable predictors.