Educational Activity and Features of Moral Development in Primary School Children

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of learning activities in the holistic development and formation of younger schoolchildren. Drawing on scientific and psychological approaches, particularly the ideas of psychologist D.B. Elkonin, learning activity, as a leading activity, is characterized as a primary factor that directly influences a child’s mental development, the formation of their consciousness, and personal qualities. Special attention is given to the role of the teacher, who, by employing active teaching methods and considering the individual characteristics of each student, creates a favorable psychological environment that enhances the effectiveness of learning activities. It is also noted that methods such as illustration, demonstration, and discussion are particularly effective for younger schoolchildren. Furthermore, the educational potential of learning activities is examined, highlighting their role in the development of students’ moral qualities. The cultivation of moral values is considered a continuous and purposeful pedagogical process, with its key components systematically presented. In conclusion, learning activity plays a crucial role in expanding the worldview of younger schoolchildren, developing their cognitive abilities, and fostering a conscious understanding and comprehension of the surrounding world as individuals.