Transformer Health Monitoring Using IoT Technology

Power transformers are important parts of electrical power systems. Their reliable operation depends on temperature, loading, insulation and environmental conditions. Manual inspection at intervals may not identify an abnormal condition immediately. This project presents a laboratory-scale Transformer Health Monitoring System using an Arduino Uno, sensors, a character LCD, relay modules and GSM communication. The prototype demonstrates temperature measurement, approximate liquid-level measurement, flood detection, DC load voltage and current measurement, load switching, local alarms and remote alerts. A DS18B20 sensor measures temperature. An HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor measures distance to the surface of a demonstration liquid, which the Arduino converts to a percentage using configured empty and full distances. An ACS712 sensor measures demonstration-load current, while a voltage-divider circuit measures DC load voltage. The LCD shows operating values and status. In the report design, a temperature reading above 48°C triggers a warning/protection sequence; the lower reset threshold is 47°C. Flood detection also activates an alarm and line-disconnection relay. The SIM800L module is intended to send an SMS and place a call for a high-temperature event. The prototype demonstrates the relationship between sensing, controller logic, protection actions and communication. It is an educational model and must not be treated as certified protection equipment for a real power transformer..