Государственная политика в сфере развития электронной промышленности РФ: анализ эффективности инструментария

The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of developing the electronic industry in the Russian Federation, which is the foundation of the country’s technological sovereignty. In the context of geopolitical tensions and sanctions restrictions, the task of developing domestic electronics is becoming critically important for the Russian Federation. The article examines the current tools of the Russian Federation’s state policy in the field of developing high tech sectors of the electronic industry in the Russian Federation, such as microelectronics, quantum technologies, and photonics. The key tools are identified as direct budget financing, subsidies for industry enterprises, preferential lending, tax preferences, demand stimulation, infrastructure development, and regulatory measures. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the development of a rating of the effectiveness of state policy tools based on an analysis of the regulatory and legal documents governing the electronics industry. The Strategy for the Development of the Electronics Industry and the state programs for its implementation in the context of the global technological race and sanctions pressure are examined. Systemic problems hindering the achievement of target indicators in the electronics industry are identified, including technological backlog, dependence on imported equipment and materials, a personnel shortage, as well as contradictions in regulatory and legal regulation. The problem of expanding interaction between industry enterprises and educational institutions and the creation of new training centers has been identified. It has been concluded that an important element of financing critical industries is the integration of government initiatives; extrabudgetary funds and public-private partnerships are becoming the main source of financing for promising projects. To further develop the industry, the following measures are proposed: rebalancing between direct subsidies and preferential lending, forming complete technological cycles, developing domestic engineering for electronics, improving the regulatory framework, and integrating personnel policy into the industry strategy.