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Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources for supporting sustainable energy needs. However, the performance of photovoltaic systems is highly influenced by dynamic variations in solar irradiance throughout the day. This study aims to analyze and compare the dynamic response of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods, namely Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IncCond), in optimizing the output power of a 200 Wp photovoltaic system. The research employed an experimental approach through direct field testing conducted from 06:00 to 17:00 WITA. The testing was conducted at Campus 4 of Universitas Negeri Gorontalo (UNG), Bone Bolango, in June. The photovoltaic (PV) panel was oriented toward the north with a tilt angle of 30°. The weather conditions during the testing followed the actual conditions on the day of the experiment. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IncCond) methods were tested simultaneously under the same irradiance conditions, ensuring that the performance of both methods was compared under identical environmental conditions. The measured parameters included solar irradiance, voltage, current, and output power. Based on the four interval-mean values reported in, IncCond produced an average output power of 39.53 W compared with 36.30 W for P&O, corresponding to an 8.91% higher mean output power. IncCond also produced higher interval-mean power in all four reported time blocks, supporting its better power-extraction performance under the tested dynamic irradiance conditions. ABSTRAK Energi surya merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang memiliki potensi besar dalam mendukung kebutuhan energi berkelanjutan. Namun, performa sistem fotovoltaik sangat dipengaruhi oleh variasi intensitas cahaya matahari yang terjadi secara dinamis sepanjang hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan respons dinamis Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), yaitu Perturb and Observe (P&O) dan Incremental Conductance (IncCond), dalam mengoptimalkan daya keluaran sistem fotovoltaik 200 Wp. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen dengan pengujian langsung di lapangan pada rentang waktu 06.00–17.00 WITA. Pengujian dilakukan di Kampus 4 Universitas Negeri Gorontalo (UNG), Bone Bolango, pada bulan Juni. Panel surya diposisikan menghadap ke arah utara dengan sudut kemiringan 30°. Kondisi cuaca selama pengujian mengikuti kondisi cuaca aktual pada hari pelaksanaan pengujian. Pengujian terhadap metode Perturb and Observe (P&O) dan Incremental Conductance (IncCond) dilakukan secara simultan pada kondisi irradiance yang sama, sehingga perbandingan kinerja kedua metode dilakukan pada kondisi lingkungan yang sama. Parameter yang diukur meliputi intensitas cahaya matahari, tegangan, arus, dan daya output. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tegangan output relatif stabil pada kisaran 13–14 V, sedangkan arus dan daya output secara umum meningkat seiring kenaikan intensitas cahaya. Berdasarkan empat nilai rata-rata interval, IncCond menghasilkan daya output rata-rata 39,53 W, sedangkan P&O sebesar 36,30 W, atau 8,91% lebih tinggi. IncCond juga menghasilkan daya rata-rata yang lebih tinggi pada seluruh empat interval waktu yang dilaporkan.
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Tobamba et al. (2026) studied this question.
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