Роль Микробиоты Влагалища И Эндометрия В Репродуктивном Здоровье Женщины: Современные Взгляды И Перспективы Коррекции

This article reviews the current understanding of the role of vaginal and endometrial microbiota in female reproductive health. Previously considered sterile, the endometrium is now known to host a unique microbial community. A Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota in both the vagina and endometrium is crucial for protection against pathogens, successful embryo implantation, and maintaining pregnancy. Dysbiosis, characterized by a decrease in lactobacilli and an overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens, is associated with infertility, chronic endometritis, recurrent pregnancy loss, preterm birth, and reduced success rates of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The article discusses modern diagnostic methods and promising correction strategies, including probiotic therapy, personalized ART protocols, and innovative approaches like vaginal microbiota transplantation.