Climate Change, Ocean Pollution, and Acidification: The Application of Integrated Management Strategies within the Framework of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science

As globalization accelerates, issues of climate change, ocean pollution, and acidification have become increasingly prominent, posing significant threats to marine ecosystems and human society. The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021~2030) was initiated in response, aiming to strengthen scientific research and technological innovation to explore integrated management strategies to address these challenges. This study, framed within this context, delves into the impacts of climate change, ocean pollution, and acidification on ocean health and discusses comprehensive management strategies to mitigate these impacts, including but not limited to the advancement of scientific research, the application of technological innovations, and the development of international policies and management actions. Through case studies, this research aims to demonstrate the practices and effects of implementing these strategies globally, while analyzing the difficulties and challenges encountered in the process. Suggestions for future scientific research directions and the deepening of policies and cooperation are also proposed. This study underscores the importance of integrated management strategies in the global recovery of ocean health, intending to provide references and insights for future ocean science research and policy formulation.