Key result
ACEI type and duration are linked to creatinine and lipid variations, but not eGFR.
Why the study?
Although ACEIs are widely recommended in hypertension for blood pressure lowering and renoprotection, variations in therapeutic responses regarding kidney function and lipid profile required further evaluation.
Is the type and duration of ACEI therapy associated with differences in kidney function and lipid profile parameters in outpatient hypertensive patients?
Cross-Sectional (n=348)
No
Is the type and duration of ACEI therapy associated with differences in kidney function and lipid profile parameters in outpatient hypertensive patients?
In Indonesian hypertensive outpatients, differences in ACEI agent and treatment duration were statistically associated with variations in serum creatinine and lipid profiles, highlighting the need for routine metabolic and renal monitoring.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports monitoring of creatinine and lipids during ACEI therapy; leaves open whether type or duration causally affects renal or lipid outcomes.
Hypertension is a global health problem that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and impaired kidney function. The use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) is widely recommended due to their effectiveness in lowering blood pressure and providing renoprotective effects. However, variations in therapeutic responses, particularly in kidney function and lipid profile, require further evaluation. This study aimed to analyze the association between ACEI use and kidney function and lipid profile in outpatient hypertensive patients. This study employed an observational analytic design with a retrospective approach based on medical record data of hypertensive patients receiving ACEI therapy. Samples were selected based on inclusion criteria, with complete data on kidney function (eGFR, serum creatinine, and BUN) and lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The results showed that the majority of patients were in the late elderly age group (56–65 years) (39.6%) and predominantly male (62.1%). significantly associated with serum creatinine (p = 0.000), while no significant associations were found with eGFR (p = 0.206) and BUN (p = 0.170). In addition, the duration of ACEI use showed no significant association with eGFR (p = 0.089), but was significantly associated with serum creatinine (p = 0.001) and BUN (p = 0.009). Regarding lipid profiles, both the type and duration of ACEI use were significantly associated with all parameters, including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides (all p = 0.000). In conclusion, ACEI therapy shows differential associations with kidney function and lipid profile parameters in hypertensive patients. Therefore, regular monitoring of renal function and lipid profiles is recommended to optimize therapeutic outcomes and prevent potential metabolic and renal complications.
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Dewi et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Outpatient hypertension (n=348). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) therapy (captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril, perindopril, imidapril) vs. Comparisons across ACEI types and duration categories (<1 year, 1-3 years, >3 years) was evaluated on Kidney function (serum creatinine, eGFR, BUN) and lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides) (p=0.000). ACEI type and duration were associated with serum creatinine and all lipid parameters, but not with eGFR in hypertensive outpatients.
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