Alih Kode dan Campur Kode dalam Interaksi Pembelajaran Multilingual di Malaysia: Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in Multilingual Learning Interactions in Malaysia

This study aims to describe the forms, types, and functions of code-switching and code-mixing in interactions between instructors and learners at the At-Tanzil Learning Center in Malaysia. It employs a qualitative descriptive method with a sociolinguistic approach. The data consist of oral utterances from learning activities, collected through participant observation, audio recording, and note-taking. The collected data were analyzed based on classifications of types and linguistic levels using a sociolinguistic theoretical framework. The findings identified 23 utterance data units, comprising 15 instances of code-mixing and 8 instances of code-switching. The code-mixing phenomena included internal code-mixing (9 instances), external code-mixing (5 instances), and double code-mixing (1 instance). Meanwhile, code-switching was observed in the forms of internal code-switching (7 instances) and external code-switching (1 instance). Instructors and learners utilized these code choices to manage classroom interactions. This study provides a descriptive overview of how a transnational multilingual environment shapes code choices in informal pedagogical interactions involving Indonesian migrant children.