Entrepreneurship-Based P5 Learning: Strengthening Teacher Professionalism through AI Assessment Development and Dissemination in Rural Schools

Elementary teachers in rural Indonesia face substantial barriers in delivering the entrepreneurship theme of the Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) [Project for Strengthening the Pancasila Learner Profile], the national program that grounds character education in Indonesia’s five founding principles, particularly in designing authentic assessment and in integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into project-based instruction. This study developed and validated an AI assessment model to strengthen teachers’ pedagogical, professional, social, and personal competencies. A five-stage Research and Development design comprised needs analysis, model design, expert validation, and staged field trials with a purposive sample of 19 teachers, followed by dissemination to all 91 teachers across the 12 schools of Gomo District, South Nias Regency. Only four teachers (21%) had received prior digital training. Expert validation confirmed feasibility across four domains (75.50–90.83%), and staged trials improved to an overall mean of 4.09. Pre-post comparisons showed gains in all four competency domains (+0.75 to +1.16), alongside a 63% rise in forum engagement and 96% platform uptime. Dissemination produced consistently positive reception across six constructs (overall M = 4.49, SD = 0.19), with perceived usefulness and behavioral intention rated most favorably. Embedding adaptive AI assessment within contextually grounded content can strengthen teacher professionalism in under-resourced rural schools.