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A method for determining the deceleration of electric and hybrid vehicles during braking is proposed; its relevance is supported by post-2023 statistics (over 20 million electric cars sold worldwide in 2025; 122.7 thousand registered electric vehicles in Uzbekistan by 1 July 2026). Because braking force is shared between regenerative and friction brakes in a way that depends on battery state of charge, speed and control software, the method fuses inertial, GNSS, wheel-speed and CAN-bus data with a Kalman filter and splits the total deceleration into its regenerative and friction parts. Performance is demonstrated in a simulation study; full-scale road tests remain future work.
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Raxmonov et al. (2026) studied this question.
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