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This paper examines additive refinements of several classical inequalities by introducing nonnegative correction terms with explicitcoefficients. Under midpoint dominance and suitable monotonicityand concavity assumptions, we establish sharp two-variable and threeterm inequalities involving products and squared differences of function values, together with a Turán-type refinement for transformedpolynomial sequences satisfying a discrete concavity condition. Forfinitely many variables, we obtain quantitative cyclic versions of Jensen’sinequality under strong convexity or strong concavity, with optimal coefficients established when the number of variables is even. We alsoderive a cyclic refinement of the arithmetic–geometric mean inequality in terms of the cyclic total variation. This estimate yields productinequalities for nonnegative increasing concave functions, including asharp universal coefficient for the sum-based cyclic correction for every number of variables. Finally, under strong logarithmic convexityand suitable monotonicity and boundedness hypotheses, we obtain reverse product inequalities with explicit negative correction coefficients.Counterexamples clarify why weaker convexity or multiplicative conditions alone do not justify the proposed positive remainders. Theresults illustrate how assumptions on the underlying functions anddata determine the validity and, in selected cases, the optimal size ofa correction term
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Trần Lương Tuấn (2026) studied this question.
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