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This paper examines additive refinements of several classical in equalities by introducing nonnegative correction terms with explicit coefficients. Under midpoint dominance and suitable monotonicity and concavity assumptions, we establish sharp two-variable and three term inequalities involving products and squared differences of func tion values, together with a Turán-type refinement for transformed polynomial sequences satisfying a discrete concavity condition. For finitely many variables, we obtain quantitative cyclic versions of Jensen’s inequality under strong convexity or strong concavity, with optimal co efficients established when the number of variables is even. We also derive a cyclic refinement of the arithmetic–geometric mean inequal ity in terms of the cyclic total variation. This estimate yields product inequalities for nonnegative increasing concave functions, including a sharp universal coefficient for the sum-based cyclic correction for ev ery number of variables. Finally, under strong logarithmic convexity and suitable monotonicity and boundedness hypotheses, we obtain re verse product inequalities with explicit negative correction coefficients. Counterexamples clarify why weaker convexity or multiplicative con ditions alone do not justify the proposed positive remainders. The results illustrate how assumptions on the underlying functions and data determine the validity and, in selected cases, the optimal size of a correction term.
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Van Tran (2026) studied this question.
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