Effectiveness of AI-Assisted chatbots as sources of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination information seeking

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S. which is the cause of different types of cancers. AI-based chatbots offer a promising solution for addressing knowledge gaps and improving HPV vaccine communication. This study examines the effectiveness of AI-based chatbots in delivering HPV vaccination information by using the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model. The study employed an online survey (N = 700) of young adults aged 18–30 in the United States to assess participants’ experiences with chatbots. The collected responses were analyzed using Partial Least Squares-based Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that compatibility showed the strongest positive association with chatbot use and was a significant predictor of satisfaction. Information quality and service quality were significantly and positively associated with user satisfaction. The association between user satisfaction and performance impact was the strongest, even more than actual use. Theoretical contributions and practical implications were discussed.