A type–capacity coupling planning method for wind–PV–storage micro-grid for maximizing the annual net revenue

Micro-grid planning conventionally treats the equipment model as a pre-assigned condition and optimizes only the installed capacity, thereby ignoring the differences among candidate models in their rated operating parameters (e.g. the energy-storage charging and discharging efficiency), their economic parameters (e.g. the procurement and fixed operation and maintenance costs) and their operational constraints (e.g. the maximum battery capacity), and hence the influence of the equipment model on the planning scheme and on its annual net revenue. This paper therefore proposes a joint planning model for equipment selection and capacity matching that maximizes the annual net revenue. A wind-PV-storage output model and a set of candidate equipment models are first constructed, and a mixed-integer linear programming model is then formulated with the ANR as its objective, covering the equipment-selection, capacity, operation and power and energy balance constraints, so that the equipment model and the installed capacity are decided in a single unified framework rather than sequentially. The model is solved by a commercial mixed-integer programming solver on the MATLAB platform, and the optimal equipment selection scheme and capacity configuration are obtained. In an industrial micro-grid case study the proposed model raises the ANR by up to 4.05% with respect to benchmark schemes with pre-assigned equipment models while maintaining zero load loss throughout the year, thereby removing the disconnection between equipment selection and capacity configuration and improving the economy, the capacity scheme and the equipment-type compatibility of micro-grid planning. It provides theoretical support and a methodological reference for the planning and design of micro-grid projects.