Three-Dimensional Radiative MHD Transport of Ternary Hybrid Nanofluids in Porous Media: Applications in Advanced Energy Systems

This study investigates the three-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) transport of a rotating Darcy–Forchheimer ternary hybrid nanofluid over a stretching sheet with velocity slip. We emphasise the induced magnetic field, which more realistically captures magnetohydrodynamic interactions than conventional models based solely on an externally imposed magnetic field. The model incorporates nonlinear porous drag, Coriolis forces, thermal radiation, velocity slip, and the enhanced thermophysical properties of ternary hybrid nanoparticles. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations via suitable similarity transformations and then solved numerically with MATLAB's bvp5c solver. The study systematically analyses how the governing parameters affect the velocity, temperature, and induced magnetic field profiles, along with relevant engineering quantities. The results show that magnetic induction, porous resistance, rotation, thermal radiation, and slip effects significantly influence the coupled transport characteristics, providing a 10% enhancement in the fluid's thermal efficiency. The enhanced thermal transport properties of ternary hybrid nanofluids, combined with radiative and induced-MHD effects, provide promising prospects for advanced thermal management and energy-conversion systems.