We propose the Vacuum Primordial Topological Vortex Evolution Theory (VPTV), a unified framework in which the large-scale structure of the universe is governed not by matter-density fluctuations but by the topological evolution of an underlying vacuum primordial medium. We first critique the mainstream ΛCDM void-formation mechanism, arguing that its selection of which underdense regions grow into voids is non-dynamical: it is assigned post hoc by the initial fluctuation spectrum rather than by a local dynamical mechanism, which functions as a catch-all patch. We then introduce the core axiom that structure precedes matter: topological vortex objects are the entities, and matter filling is a subsidiary phenomenon. Within this framework, black holes, unknown dark lensing bodies, mini-voids, and giant cosmic voids are shown to be the same class of primordial vortex objects at different stages of contraction/expansion evolution, forming a continuous spectrum: black hole → vacuum topological intermediate → matter-free vacuum vortex body → black void. We further argue that dark matter, as currently used in void and large-scale anomalies, functions as a structural catch-all patch: it lacks direct detection, its parameters are re-tuned across phenomena, and alternative explanations are excluded a priori. The theory yields four falsifiable predictions with explicit exclusion criteria: (1) matter-free vacuum topological vortex bodies producing lensing and dispersion without detectable matter; (2) ring-shaped boundary lensing peaks whose radius–mass relation is incompatible with NFW substructure spectra; (3) boundary step decoupling between baryonic density and lensing/dynamical signals; and (4) cosmic voids as the ultimate evolutionary product of black holes rather than random initial fluctuations. The joint occurrence of these predictions is required by the theory and is highly improbable under the mainstream framework. This paper establishes the structural image, the object category, and the falsifiability criteria; quantitative evolution equations and parameter forecasts are deferred to the next stage (image first, equations later).
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