Evaluation of Drug Management Funded by JKN Capitation in Medan Primary Health Centers : Mixed – Methods Study

Background: Drug management is a critical component of pharmaceutical services in primary healthcare centers, ensuring the availability, quality, and rational use of medicines. Under the National Health Insurance (JKN) system, drug management in primary healthcare centers is largely funded by capitation funds, thus requiring evaluation to assess its compliance with established standards. Aim: This study aims to evaluate drug management and identify the influencing factors based on JKN capitation funds in primary healthcare centers in Medan City. Methode: This study employed a mixed-method approach with an explanatory sequential design and was conducted from January to March 2026 in six primary healthcare centers in Medan City. Quantitative data were obtained through direct observation and document review of drug management in 2024, while qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with six pharmacists and six heads of healthcare centers. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Result: The results showed that the planning stage still indicated overplanning and deviations above the standard. The procurement stage did not fully meet the planned targets. However, distribution, and administrative stages were generally in accordance with the standards. Qualitative findings revealed that major constraints included limitations in the e-catalog system, drug availability from suppliers, and limited human resources. Supporting factors included adaptive strategies by pharmacists, stock monitoring systems, and internal policies of healthcare centers Conclusion: The integration of findings indicates that discrepancies in certain indicators are mainly due to systemic factors, particularly in procurement, while the successful stages reflect strong adaptive capacity at the primary healthcare level.