Procedural Injustice And Its Association With Conspiracy Theory Beliefs: Explaining The Link Via Anger And Distrust In Authority

Misinformation and conspiracy theories thrived during the COVID-19 pandemic. Belief in conspiracy theories has been linked to various social and attitudinal consequences, such as vaccine refusal, political apathy, non-compliance with public health guidelines, illegal protests, and support for violent extremism. This study aimed to better understand what factors contributed to the rise in conspiracy theory beliefs during the pandemic. Using survey data from 779 Australians collected in the first six months of the pandemic, we assessed whether perceptions of procedurally unjust governance by police and institutions of authority (governments and politicians) increased the likelihood of people believing in COVID-19 conspiracy theories. We also explored how anger and general distrust in authority influenced this relationship. Findings revealed that perceived procedural injustice was associated with heightened belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories, with anger and distrust serving as key mediators in this relationship. The results suggest that perceptions of procedural injustice can enhance feelings of anger and distrust towards authorities, thereby promoting stronger endorsement of COVID-19 conspiracy theories. These results underscore the importance of mitigating public grievances and rebuilding trust in institutions to counteract the spread of conspiracy theory beliefs. The consequences of these beliefs extend beyond public health; they have implications for democratic stability, social cohesion, and public safety. Understanding the psychological mechanisms that contribute to conspiracy theory beliefs is essential for developing effective interventions, strengthening democratic resilience, and preventing harmful societal consequences. Limitations and implications for future research and policy are discussed.