Formulation, Evaluation of Anti-Acne Gel Containing Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Abutilon Indicum With Antioxidant and in Silico Molecular Docking Studies

The pilosebaceous unit is chronically inflamed by acne vulgaris, and conventional synthetic therapies are frequently limited by adverse effects and antibiotic resistance. The current study used an integrated in silico and in vitro strategy to create, characterize, and validate an antiacne phytogel from Abutilon indicum leaf extract. After being verified, the leaves were pulverized, shade-dried, and extracted by agitation with 95% ethanol. Pharmacognostic evaluation revealed a total ash of 7.2% w/w, 0.9% w/w of acid-insoluble ash, 2.2% w/w of water-soluble ash, 5.5% w/w of drying loss, and a foaming index of 100. Saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, and terpenoids were found, according to preliminary phytochemical screening. Network pharmacology identified luteolin as a hub compound targeting PPAR-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and NFκB, and molecular docking revealed the strongest binding affinity with PPAR-γ (−9.2 kcal/mol).