Carbon‐Supported Catalytic Systems Assembled by π–π Interactions

The immobilization of molecular catalysts on carbonaceous supports through noncovalent π–π interactions has emerged as an attractive strategy for developing more sustainable catalytic processes. Carbon‐based materials combine high surface areas, chemical and thermal stability, and tunable surface properties, while enabling the reversible immobilization of π‐conjugated catalysts, notably through pyrene–surface interactions. This approach offers potential advantages in catalyst recovery, recycling, product purification, and, in the case of metal complexes, the reduction of metal contamination. Moreover, the proximity of immobilized catalytic species may provide opportunities for cooperative or tandem catalytic processes. This review surveys the use of carbonaceous allotropes—including graphene, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon black, charcoal, and magnetic carbon‐based materials—as supports for organometallic and organic catalysts. Particular attention is devoted to their applications in achiral and enantioselective transformations, catalyst stability and recyclability, and, where available, comparisons with the corresponding homogeneous systems. The influence of support characteristics, including material quality, aggregation state, dispersion, and purification, is also considered as a critical factor affecting catalytic performance and the comparability of reported results. By bringing together these developments, this review highlights the opportunities and current limitations of noncovalent catalyst immobilization on carbonaceous supports for sustainable organic synthesis.