Mineral disorders in patients with chronic liver disease. Part 2: management

Disorders of mineral metabolism are one of the most significant healthcare challenges in Russia and worldwide. Pathogenetically, they can be caused by various pathologies, including chronic liver diseases (CLD). Mineral metabolism disorders in CLD include hepatic osteodystrophy, osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, and others. These disorders are highly prevalent in this patient cohort; however, the lack of unified comprehensive clinical guidelines hinders the timely detection of these complications of CLD. In the first part of the review, we examined the epidemiology and pathophysiology of mineral metabolism disorders in CLD, while the second part focuses on their diagnosis.