Influence of oral sensory processing challenges on the maintenance of oral health in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): a scoping review

Purpose The present review was conducted (1) to explore how oral sensory processing challenges (OSPCs) affect oral health maintenance in individuals with ASD and (2) to identify and summarize sensory-informed strategies reported in the literature to address OSPC during routine oral healthcare. Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework and reported following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Six electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 2010 and January 2025 in English. Quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods, and interventional studies linking SOR and oral health in individuals with ASD were included. Data were charted using the PCC framework and synthesized thematically. Methodological quality assessment was performed using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. Results The search yielded 6476 articles. Following the application of predefined eligibility criteria and the removal of duplicates, 21 studies were included, comprising 11 quantitative, 7 qualitative, and 3 mixed-method studies. Thematic synthesis revealed three major themes: (1) OSPC was associated with challenges in home oral hygiene behaviours, including difficulties related to toothbrush use, toothpaste, environmental triggers, and delayed initiation of routines; (2) OSPC influenced the dental visits through enhanced dental anxiety, barriers to access care, and reduced tolerance to dental procedures; and (3) the included studies reported oral care and dental behavioural strategies to accommodate OSPC during oral care. Conclusion Oral sensory processing challenges were found to influence oral health care maintenance among individuals with ASD. The review also identified sensory-informed strategies that may support oral health care, although further studies are needed to establish robust evidence on their effectiveness.