Respons Kalender Tanam Tanaman Pangan terhadap Variabilitas Iklim di Indonesia: Tinjauan Sistematis Literatur 2015–2025

Shifts in food crop planting calendars are an important concern in agricultural adaptation to climate variability in Indonesia. This study synthesizes evidence on planting calendar responses, associated climatic and agroclimatic factors, and reported adaptation strategies across regions and crops. Unlike studies focused on specific locations or approaches, this review compares delayed planting, changes in cropping patterns, adjustments to planting windows, and relatively stable planting schedules. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using Google Scholar to identify publications from 2015 to 2025. Following predefined eligibility criteria guided by PRISMA 2020, 10 of 125 identified articles were analyzed through narrative synthesis and comparative analysis. The findings reveal heterogeneous planting calendar responses across Indonesia. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), El Niño events, rainfall patterns, water availability, hydrological conditions, soil characteristics, and crop types are associated with these responses. Seasonal forecasts, crop simulation models, and planting calendar information systems offer opportunities to support adaptive planting decisions, although their effectiveness depends on local suitability and implementation by farmers. This review highlights the importance of integrated, adaptive, and location-specific planting calendars that consider climate information, water balance, agroecological conditions, and crop requirements.