Airport Infrastructure Capacity and Operational Efficiency: A Case Study of Halim Perdanakusuma Airport

This study aims to evaluate the capacity of key airport infrastructure, including the runway, apron, and passenger terminal, and examine its relationship with operational efficiency at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport, particularly under conditions of limited land availability. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed using in-depth interviews with key airport personnel, direct observations, and a review of operational documents and aviation regulations. Data were analyzed through content analysis supported by MAXQDA software, while historical passenger and aircraft traffic data were examined to identify traffic trends and future capacity requirements. The findings show that the revitalization of the runway, apron, and passenger terminal has improved airport capacity and operational flow. The existing infrastructure is generally adequate to accommodate current operational demand; however, limited land availability remains a significant constraint, particularly for apron capacity, aircraft movements, flight scheduling, and passenger flows during peak periods. Operational efficiency is strongly influenced by infrastructure capacity, aircraft turnaround time, Level of Service, and the coordination of commercial, military, and VVIP operations. The study concludes that infrastructure revitalization alone is insufficient to ensure long-term operational efficiency in a land-constrained airport. Adaptive operational management, including flight-slot control, apron utilization optimization, passenger-flow management, and smart airport technology, is required to maximize existing infrastructure capacity. These findings provide practical implications for managing urban airports with limited space and multiple operational functions.