Unpacking the drivers of pro-environmental behaviour in Asian: a systematic literature review

Pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) is essential for addressing environmental sustainability issues in the ASIAN countries. Nevertheless, current research on the factors influencing PEB in the region differs across different contexts and fields. This study performs a systematic literature review (SLR) to synthesise empirical data on the determinants of pro-environmental behaviour in ASIAN countries. A total of 21 studies published between 2020 until 2025 were analysed to identify key determinants of PEB. The findings indicate that pro-environmental behaviour is affected by several key factors, including environmental knowledge, psychological and value-based factors (such as attitudes, personal norms, and environmental commitment), socio-demographic characteristics, social influence, and external factors like government policies, infrastructure, and environmental education. The review emphasises the significance of theoretical frameworks, such as the Value–Belief–Norm (VBN) theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), in explaining environmentally responsible behaviour. With the increasing scientific interest, studies into PEB throughout ASIAN are still limited and inconsistent among countries. The findings have significant implications for policymakers, educators, and environmental organisations in formulating targeted strategies and policies to foster sustainable behaviour and environmental responsibility in ASIAN societies.